Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain is common. The pelvic region is the area between the umbilicus (belly button) and the groin in the front and between the buttocks at the back. Many organs sit in the pelvis that makes up the reproductive, urinary and digestive systems. They are supported by surrounding muscles, including the pelvic floor.

Pelvic pain can be acute or chronic. Acute pelvic pain occurs suddenly and stays only for a short period of time. Chronic pelvic pain lasts for more than six months. Acute pain may occur on top of chronic pain.

Symptoms

Pelvic pain may be dull or sharp; persistent or intermittent; mild to severe, and can extend to your lower back or thighs. The common symptoms with pelvic pain are:

Pain in the hip and groin area
Pain and cramps during menstruation
Pain during urination, bowel movements, and intercourse
Constipation or diarrhoea

Causes

The common causes of acute pelvic pain are:

Pelvic inflammatory disease (infection of the reproductive organs),
Urinary tract infection
Appendicitis (inflammation of appendix)
Ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy that occurs outside the uterus)
Twisted or ruptured ovarian cyst
Ruptured fallopian tube
Miscarriage or threatened miscarriage
Congestion or abscess (collection of pus) in the pelvic region

The common causes of chronic pelvic pain are:

Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometriosis (abnormal growth of uterus lining)
Interstitial cystitis (inflammation of urinary bladder)
Irritable bowel syndrome
Pelvic floor disorders (spasm or tension in the pelvic floor muscles)
Uterine fibroids (non-cancerous uterine growths)
Psychological factors such as stress, depression or a history of physical abuse

Diagnosis

A full history, physical examination and investigations are required to make a diagnosis. Studies such as X-ray, ultrasound, laparoscopy, CT (Contrast tomography) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan are helpful in examining the pain source in the pelvic region.

Treatment

Treatment for pelvic pain depends on the cause of pain, intensity and frequency of the pain.

At times, treatment needs to be multidisciplinary; that is a few people may need to work together to help treat your pain. Dr Krishnan will co-ordinate your care.

Options may include: